Everything You Need To Know About Linux Kernel

Linux is a group of open-source Unix-like operating systems that manages a system’s hardware and resources, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and storage. Linux was launched on 17 September 1991 and has been serving as the base for the Android operating system in smartphones and tablets worldwide. You know that Linux is the base for systems, but do you know what works as the base for Linux? Linux Kernel serves as the base of the Linux operating system. Most people don’t know what it is. That's why we have curated a blog about Linux Kernel and will provide you with its information.

Linux Kernel: Overview

The Linux kernel is the core interface between a computer’s hardware and operations and one of the main components of Linux operating systems. It controls every major hardware function in smartphones, laptops, servers, or other computer device. People also refer to Linux Kernel as the heart of Linux operating systems. 

Now that you have a basic understanding of the Linux kernel, you must understand its subsystems. Keep reading to learn about the subsystems.

Subsystems of Linux Kernel

There are five core subsystems of the Linux kernel. Keep reading to find the subsystems:

1. Process Scheduler

The Process Scheduler distributes CPU time among all the processes running on the system. In Linux, there are two processes: Real-Time processes and Normal Processes. The process scheduler divides the processor’s time into epochs and provides time for processes. 

2. Memory Management Unit

The Memory Management Unit does exactly what its name suggests. It distributes memory among the various processes running on the system and provides the specific virtual address for each process. This process is called memory mapping because addresses are mapped from the logical space into a physical space.  

3. Virtual File System

The virtual file system is the third subsystem of the Linux Kernel. It is also known as the Virtual Filesystem Switch and provides a unified interface for accessing data across different filesystems and physical storage media. 

4. Networking Unit

The Networking Unit allows Linux systems to connect using a network. Multiple hardware devices can be supported, several network protocols can be used, and the networking unit extracts both so that user processes and kernel systems can access the network easily. 

5. Inter-Process Communication Unit

The Inter-Process Communication Unit is the fifth and final subsystem. It allows processes to stay in touch and synchronise their actions. Processes can be in touch with each other through shared memory. 

You have learned about the subsystems; however, while understanding the Linux kernel, you also must learn its commands. Read about these commands in the below section.

Basic Commands Of Linux Kernel

The basic commands will help you work efficiently on Linux Kernel OS. Scroll down and keep reading to learn them. 

1. ls 

This command lists the files and directories in a particular location according to given specifications.

2. Mkdir

The “Mkdir” command allows us to create new directories. 

3. Cat 

Using the “Cat” command, we can print the content stored inside a text file on the Terminal.

4. Pwd

Pwd will let us find the name and path of the current directory in which we are working. 

Next, we need to learn what the Kernel does. Scroll down and keep reading to learn its tasks. 

Functions Of Linux Kernel?

Learning the tasks is crucial to having detailed knowledge about Linux kernel OS. So, let’s scroll down and keep reading. 

1. Memory Management

The kernel handles memory management, including allocating and deallocating memory for different processes and managing the virtual memory system. It supplies mechanisms for memory protection, virtual memory mapping, and swapping data between physical memory and disk storage. 

2. Process Management

The kernel controls the execution of processes, allotting system resources like CPU time, memory, and input/output devices. It schedules processes and ensures efficient resource utilisation. 

3. Device Drivers

The Linux Kernel OS contains device drivers that enable communication between the operating system and hardware devices, like disk drives, network interfaces, graphics cards, etc.  These drivers allow data transfer, device control, and interactivity with the hardware. 

4. File System Management

The kernel manages file systems and provides the required interfaces and operations for building, reading, writing, and deleting the files. It also controls file access permissions, file metadata, and directory structures. 

5. Security 

The Kernel contains security machines to shield the system and user data. It enforces control guidelines, handles user authentication, manages permissions, and provides isolation between processes. 

6. Networking

The Linux Kernel OS applies networking protocols and allows communication over LANs (local area networks). It manages network interfaces, routing tables, protocols, and socket communication. 

7. Interprocess Communication

Interprocess communication means communication between processes. The kernel facilitates this communication and data exchange via mechanisms like pipes, sockets, shared memory and signals. 

The Most Powerful Component Of Linux System

The Linux kernel is the most powerful and versatile component in the Linux Operating system. It quickly gained popularity among developers and is used via specific commands. It has multiple features for users, such as cryptography, a hierarchical file system, power management, and more.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. In which language is the Linux kernel written?

The kernel OS is written in the C programming language. 

2. Why is it called kernel?

The name is derived from the smallest edible portion of the nut, known as the kernel. In the early days, UNIX computer interface parts exposed to users were called shells, and the inner part was called The Kernel. 

3. What type of architecture is used in the Linux kernel?

The Linux kernel uses a monolithic architecture and runs as a single program. The microkernel architecture is an alternative architecture that divides the kernel into smaller programs. 

4. Who maintains the Linux kernel?

Linux Torvalds is the lead maintainer of the Linux kernel and directs its development.